tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85778684583158050782024-03-08T09:59:18.179-08:00Holistic SciencesModels and theories of real world processes that are constructed from the word roots of their Arabic names based on <i>muhkam</i> sound symbolism.
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<a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-holistic-science.html">Statement of Purpose</a>Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-21152919227758141772013-08-15T18:43:00.000-07:002013-08-15T18:58:36.038-07:00Holistic Theory of Biological and Physiological Processes<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Life </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">or a <b>living being</b>
<i>(“hha ya <s>waw</s>”, ya(hha)) </i>is the well-defined (closed-self)
existence (assignment) <i>(ya)</i> of an independent (closed-self) biological
process <i>(hha)</i>.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>Death</b> <i>(“meem <s>waw</s> ta”, meem() & ta())</i>
is to be in the state (manifestation) of resting (closed-self) <i>(meem)</i>
and to also be physically (manifestation) disconnected (open-others assignment)
<i>(ta).</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Death is similar to <b>sleep</b> <i>(“noon waw meem”, noon() &
meem()) </i>which is to be in the state of resting <i>(meem) </i>and away
(open-self) from consciousness (containment) <i>(noon).</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The <b>womb</b> <i>(“ra hha meem”, ra:hha</i><<i>==meem)</i>
supplies <i>(ra)</i> nutrition (positive substance) <i>(meem)</i> to a living
being <i>(hha)</i> involuntarily (in closed-self manner)<i>.</i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Healing</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i>(“ssad hha hha”,
ssad(hha<sup>2</sup>))</i> is to build, defend, repair, maintain, or increase
(closed-others) the cohesive (closed others) structure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>(ssad)</i> of a living being (first <i>hha</i>)
using the living being itself (immune system, repair systems, etc.) (second <i>hha</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>Disease</b> <i>(“meem ra ddad”, ra:meem</i><==<i>ddad)</i> is intense
activity <i>(ra)</i> of disorderly agents <i>(ddad) </i>which enter (in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>closed-self manner) a person’s (closed-self)
body <i>(meem)</i>.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Pain</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i>(“hamza lam meem”,
hamza:lam==</i>><i>meem)</i> is to signal <i>(hamza)</i> intense negative
activity or violation (open-self) activity <i>(lam)</i> to a certain physical
location <i>(meem)</i>.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Nausea</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i>(“ghain tha <s>ya</s>”,
tha(ghain))</i> is to push outside <i>(tha)</i> what is corrupted <i>(ghain)</i>.</span></div>
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Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-14825260154348608782010-06-22T10:34:00.000-07:002010-06-22T11:33:14.732-07:00Holistic Theory of Mental Processes and Consciousness<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b></b></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">The following is based on analyses of Arabic sound symbolisms in some word roots.<br /><br />We know from <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/holistic-theology.html">Holistic Theology</a> that </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>the self</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> (also called </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>soul</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> spirit</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>mind</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> heart</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>life force</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">or </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>consciousness</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">) is a </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">supervisor that exercises discretionary control over all human activity</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">, including all mental processes.</span></span></span></span></span><br /><br />To perform a mental process, t<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">he self usually utilizes its own mental processing capability and its own </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>five</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>internal</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> / </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>spiritual senses</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> of </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">"vision", "hearing", "touch", "taste" and "smell"</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> that are able to sense both <i>spiritual processes</i> and <i>material processes</i>.</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">The self may—</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">but doesn't have to—</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">utilize the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>brain</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>five external</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> / </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>material senses</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> to perform a mental task. But the brain and the external senses can only perceive and handle material processes. The self uses and controls the brain.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><b>Reality </b>or<b> truth</b><i> ("hha qaf qaf")</i> is what is factually happening in the spiritual world. Only the self and its spiritual senses can perceive the <i>spiritual data match</i>. Reality or truth cannot be perceived by the brain and the external senses.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>sign</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>symbol</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“hamza </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strike><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> ya" )</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> <i>is a </i></span></span></span></span><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">pointer to a matching reality</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><br />The </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>sounds</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> of a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>word</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> are symbols. A word is thus a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>symbolic structure</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">. A symbolic structure is alternatively seen as an <b>abstract theory</b> about something. An </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>expression</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><i>("qaf <strike>waw</strike> lam"</i>:<i> to say, a statement)</i> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">is a string of one or more words (symbolic structures) that are assigned to something or someone.</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><br />An expression </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">that is used to </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>name </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">a process </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“seen meem </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strike><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> is a </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">symbolic structure</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> that points to the </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">reality</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> of that process.</span></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">The <i>transition from names (what is being said) to reality (what is really happening)</i> is called <b>interpretation</b>, <b>realization</b>, <b>knowing</b> or <b>becoming conscious</b>. To </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">become conscious</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> of, to</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b>know</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">, to</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> realize</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> or to</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> interpret<b> </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">an expression about a process </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>to connect the symbolic structures</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> in this expression to </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>matching</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> structures in reality</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></span> Alternatively, this connection is seen as a <b>concrete theory</b> that realizes the abstract theory, i.e., the symbolic structure carried by the expression.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">To <b>become</b> <b>conscious</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“waw 'ain </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strike><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> means to <i>connect with an expression</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>, </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">to <b>realize</b> or to <b>interpret</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> (“hamza waw lam"</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">) means to <i>connect symbol to reality</i>,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">to <b>know</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> (“'ain lam meem”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">) means to <i>interpret or realize an expression for a certain process</i>. These are equivalent functions</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>.</i></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">If we connect the symbolic structures (what is being said about a process) to <i>material structures and elements that have identical or similar kinds</i> as those the symbolic structures point to, then we are performing</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>analogical reasoning</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> or</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> reasoning by direct similarity</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">If we call this </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">interpretation, realization, knowing or becoming conscious, then it is at best <b>shallow</b> and prone to error. </span></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">However, if we connect the symbolic structures (what is being said about a process) to structures and elements in <i>reality</i> that are <i>similar or matching in a spiritual sense</i>, but may be <i>different from the material kinds</i> that the symbolic structures point to, then we are performing a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>creative</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>interpretation</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> (also known as </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>allegorical</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> figurative</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">, or </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>metaphorical</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>interpretation</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">). There is usually no direct or material similarity between symbols and reality. The interpretative connections transcend (go beyond) the kinds of things the symbols point to in order to create links of spiritual similarity to matching things in the real spiritual world. The connected symbol-reality pairs may be—but do not have to be—similar in appearance or form (hence the term <i>figurative</i> interpretation). This kind of similarity can only be perceived by the self and its spiritual senses. The brain and its external senses are unable to make this type of connection.</span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">Creative interpretation is key to consciousness of reality. It is not haphazard nor the result of lucky guesses. Nor is it something that can be taught by a guru. Instead, <i>creative interpretation comes to an individual's self as a </i></span></span></span></span></span><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">reward or gift </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""></span></span></span></span></span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">from God for a number of things, including the following:<br /></span></span></span></span></i> <blockquote><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">a) for simply loving God<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">b) for the effort one makes to connect with God<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">c) for pain suffered when one takes a righteous stand<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">d) for staying faithful to God when tested</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">.</span></span></span></span></span></i><br /><br /></blockquote> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">In <i>classical </i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">spiritual epistemology</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">, "knowledge" happens in one of two ways after such an effort (<i>jihad</i>) for the sake of God:</span></span></span></span></span><br /><blockquote><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">a) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">bursts of God's light</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">temporarily transform the five material senses and the brain</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> so that they can </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">penetrate with analogical reasoning the vague or deceptive appearances</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> to reach into what is actually happening with material things (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>enlightened material research</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> <b>through enlightened analogical reasoning</b>)</span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">b) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">bursts of God's light</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> temporarily </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">transform the self and enable the five internal senses</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> to penetrate with creative interpretation the vague and deceptive </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">appearances</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""> to reach into the spiritual reality of things (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>inspired science </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style=""><b>through inspired creative interpretation</b>)</span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /></blockquote> However, one cannot achieve consciousness using the brain and its material senses, not even with enlightened material research. Only the self and its internal senses can perceive the spiritual matching with reality. Enlightened material research is only good for seeing the magician's tricks despite his distractions, but it cannot see the big picture behind the scenes, e.g., who taught those tricks to the magician and why.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">An embryo is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>created</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> (constructed) <i>("kha lam qaf" : selective interpretation of combined expressions) </i>when God <i>performs selective creative interpretation</i> (biologists say "expression") of the DNA words and expressions that are combined from male and female. In genetics, the decision-maker who determines the expression of certain DNA in certain environments is not accounted for.<br /><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">There must be a correspondence between human languages and DNA language.</span></span></span></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">It has to be God who also brings the interpretation of words into human minds. Of course, only God could have created those words whose interpretation he controls.<br /></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">The existence of words and expressions precedes creation. First come the words, then comes creation as interpretation / realization of the symbolic structures carried by the words.<br /><br />Becoming conscious of reality practically means that the created person reconnects (in part) with expressions according to which he/she was created.</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span><br />The brain is usually used in the process of analogical reasoning (shallow interpretation of expressions). The self is capable of performing analogical reasoning with or without the help of the brain and the external senses. A self that is deprived of God's light cannot perform creative interpretation, i.e., it cannot achieve consciousness. The internal senses cannot function at all without God's light.<br /><br />The self performs creative interpretation with or without brain use. <b>Mental representations of observations</b> by external senses and internal senses are either stored in <b>neural </b>(brain)<b> memory containers</b> or in <b>spiritual memory containers </b>that are maintained by the self. The self may utilize both kinds of memory.<br /><br />Interconnected sets of memory containers of either kind that are accessed as single memory units are called <b>memory blocks</b>. There are <b>neural </b>(brain) <b>memory blocks</b> and <b>spiritual</b> (self) <b>memory blocks</b>.<br /><br />There are memory blocks of both kinds that specialize in storing certain types of data, for example:<br /><blockquote>a) <b>observation memory blocks<br /><br /></b>b) <b>word memory blocks </b>(morphologically specific symbol structures that can be converted into specific abstract theories)<br /><b><br /></b>c) <b>word root memory blocks </b>(general symbol structures that can be converted into general abstract theories)<br /><b><br /></b>d) <b>expression memory blocks </b>(compound symbol structures that can be converted into compound abstract theories)<br /><b><br /></b>e) <b>abstract theory memory blocks </b>(abstract interpretations of the symbolic structures of words, word roots or expressions)<br /><br />f) <b>concrete theory memory blocks </b>(hypotheses or theories, testable concrete interpretations of abstract theories)<br /><br /></blockquote> The self uses an algorithm (<a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">Tables 2 and 3</a>) for converting words, word roots and expressions into abstract theories.<br /><br />The self uses mechanisms for creating temporary or permanent links between two memory blocks from either kind (neural and spiritual) and from any specialties.<br /><br />To <b>learn</b> or to <b>think</b><i> (“thal kaf ra” or </i><i>“fa kaf ra”</i><i>)</i> is to have the self perform <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">Algorithm C</a> to generate a corroborated (learn) or uncorroborated (think) concrete theory<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">—</span></span></span></span></span>a shallow interpretation (analogical reasoning) or a creative interpretation<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">—</span></span></span></span></span>from an abstract theory (the symbolic structure carried by an expression). The connections between symbolic structure and the material or spiritual worlds are recorded as links between observation memory blocks and concrete theory memory blocks. Falsified hypotheses from Algorithm C are tagged as such. Untested hypotheses (results of thinking) are tagged as such. Thinking may be a partial (uncompleted) learning process. It is usually theoretical research without empirical testing of the generated hypotheses. If it involves testing of hypotheses using memory, it is equivalent to learning. Thinking also can deal with unobserved phenomena, and then it is a path to discovery.<br /><br />Since we are dealing with theory development, it is no surprise that Algorithm C is a version of the Scientific Method. So even the least "intelligent" human beings use the Scientific Method whenever they think or learn something. We are all created as scientists and only God can take the credit for "our" accomplishments.<br /><br />To <b>remember </b>or <b>recognize</b><i> (</i><i>“thal kaf ra”</i><i> </i><i>or “'ain ra fa” </i><i>)</i> is to recover a corroborated concrete theory that applies to an observed (unknown) phenomenon. This is done by a neural memory scan or a spiritual memory scan to find an observation memory block that matches the current observation and is linked (based on a previous learning process) to a corroborated concrete theory.<br /><br />To <b>forget</b> <i>(“noon seen <strike>ya</strike>”)</i> is to link a memory block to an <i>empty</i> memory block. The memory is not lost, it can be relinked and thus it becomes retrievable.<br /><br />To <b>understand</b>,<b> scrutinize<i> </i>claims</b> or to perform <b>jurisprudence</b> <i>(“fa ha meem”</i><i>)</i> is to sift through links from abstract theory memory blocks (expressions, claims) to concrete theory memory blocks to see which claims are <i>corroborated</i> and if not, to perform Algorithm C to try to corroborate them.<br /><br />Another form of <b>understanding</b> involves the <b>faculty of reason</b> or the <b>intellect</b> <i>("'ain qaf lam")</i> which can search for an existing link between an observation memory block and a <i>general </i>corroborated concrete theory, or if the theory is untested, to test it.<br /><br />An <b>image</b> <i>(“kha ya lam”)</i> is the <i>projection of a concrete theory</i> which is usually a <i>graph</i>. If the theory is an algorithm, then the projection is an <i>animation</i>.<br /><br /><b>Vision</b> <i>("ba ssad ra")</i> is the <i>correlation of clustered visual sensory data</i> (measurements of visual input) <i>from two sources</i>.<br /><br /><b>Hearing</b> <i>("seen meem 'ain")</i> is a <i>two-stage audio sensing</i> (measurement of audio input) using a <i>collector</i> (outer ear) and a <i>shaped channel</i> (inner ear).<br /><br />To be continued.<br /><br /><br />Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-80217509535948786882009-12-18T09:00:00.000-08:002009-12-18T14:18:57.495-08:00Holistic Socio-Legal Science<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The following <b>holistic socio-legal functions and objects</b> (bold type) were derived from semantic sound symbolisms of Arabic word stems (in parentheses) that denote socio-legal concepts. The components of these functions and objects are <i>holistic socio-legal elements</i> (in <i>cursive</i>).</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">A </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>society</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>community</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“hamza meem meem”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> is a group of </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">persons</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> that are committed to each other (bound to each other by contracts and laws). </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">A society </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“geem meem 'ain”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> also is defined as a group whose </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>relationships are governed by certain laws or rules</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">One purpose of the laws governing a community is to preserve mutual commitments. A person or group that rejects commitments, contracts, rules and laws are called </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>asocial</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>antisocial</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">. </span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>social affair </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>issue</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“hamza meem ra”)</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is a circumstance under which the definition of assignments of execution is determined. A social affair is a circumstance or context in which one has to define who does what, how, when, where, and so on.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>person in charge</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>leader </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“hamza meem ra”)</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">someone assigned the task of defining all assignments of execution for a community</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">. A leader's function is to define who does what, how, when, where, and so on. In other words, the leader is the person in charge of taking care of social affairs. A leader is alternatively defined </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“hamza meem meem”) </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">as</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">a person who gives assignments to others.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">A </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>mother</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>(“hamza meem meem”) </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">is a person who brings forth another person. </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Reproduction</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> thus is a social function.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">The word root </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“hamza meem meem”) </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">is interpreted in different ways to</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">define three social essentials: community, leader and mother. This is an indication that a good community is built around families that each have a mother and good leadership.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> law</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> code</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> rule </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">or</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> regulation </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>“kaf ta ba”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> is a </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>proper definition of the implementation of control</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> in the form of a set of </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>instructions to do</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> certain things, a set of </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>instructions to refrain from doing </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">certain things, and a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>mechanism</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> of checks and balances </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>to verify</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> that these instructions (rules) are adhered to. Verification can take the form of a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>penal code</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> constitution</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">(root </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>“sheen ra 'ain,”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> word form </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>“shari'ah”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">)</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> is a </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">set of </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">instructions on how to create and implement laws</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> in a society in such a way that </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">discretionary</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">life (self-determination, liberty) is preserved</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> for every person. Preservation requires mechanisms to recover from error, resolve disputes, and solve erupting problems. </span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">The functions of “self,” “liberty” and “discretion” belong in <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/holistic-theology.html">Holistic Theology</a>. A constitution thus always has a theological aspect. Consequently, all legal science is theological.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">What is commonly called </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>legislation</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>lawmaking</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is in fact (or should be) a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>valid interpretation of the constitution by analogical reasoning</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“noon ha geem”): </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">one tries to prove that a constitutional formula has a valid interpretation (interpretation = hypothesis to be corroborated = law to be created) for a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">real legal context</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> by matching the implications of the interpretation to reality.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">This process is similar to what we do with <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">Algorithm C</a> to derive definitions of elements, functions and objects (new scientific rules) by verifying interpretations of word roots (abstract natural formulas).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">This method is the basis of analogical reasoning which is the main tool of thinking and jurisprudence. For different situations in reality, the same formula may have different valid interpretations, depending on what guidance we receive from God.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">God wishes each of us, not just scholars, to use such analogical reasoning to perform proper interpretation—connect principles to reality according to our mental capability, using light from God and other help (God's arrangement of favorable circumstances)—in order to judge reality by what God has sent down (all constitutions are originally based on scriptures). This includes all aspects of reality, not just what some lawyers or leaders tell us to limit our judgment to.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>mechanical</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>algorithm</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is one that can be executed by a computer without human intervention. It is a special kind of procedure for implementing rules without creative interpretation. A mechanical algorithm implements principles in such a manner that all the interpretable, discretionary parts of the principles are decided upon in a fixed way. There can be no discretion left in a mechanical algorithm. There can be no machine with discretion.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">But unlike mechanical algorithms, the laws, rules and regulations of a free society must leave room for interpretation and discretionary decisions by the people who are expected to live by those rules.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">The function of a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>referee</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> juror</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>judge</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">, or</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> court</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is to render a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>ruling</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">possibly after</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">running a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>mediation</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>trial</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">. All these functions and objects are derived from a single interpretation of </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“hha kaf meem”)</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">: a </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">process for returning people or circumstances from the state of breaking the law, or being about to break it, back to the correct implementation of the law governing a community.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>compromise</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or a </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>settlement</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(“ssad lam hha”) </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">might be used instead of a ruling, a function that shares its word root and definition with the theological “good deeds” function: an </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">arrangement</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> to </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">build, repair, maintain or increase the connective structure, the wholeness, or the health of a living thing or a group of living things</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">The preservation of human interests must takes place according to basic precedence rules that were prescribed in every scripture and are built into all constitutions. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">In the 1380's, the Spanish judge Shatibi wrote about these preservation rules in his </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>Muwafaqat</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">. The rules were refined by this author in the following form:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Preservation Precedence Rules. </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">Constitutions seek to preserve the human interests of </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>self, body </b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">and</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> business</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> in descending order of precedence. Human interests are preserved at three levels of fulfillment, </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>essential fulfillment</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> smooth fulfillment</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>aesthetic fulfillment</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">, in descending order of precedence.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;">The preservation of the essential fulfillment of human interests means to build and maintain them, to protect them if they are threatened, to defend them if they are attacked, and to rebuild them if they are damaged. The preservation of the smooth fulfillment of human interests is achieved by securing moderation and balance and by removing hardship. The preservation of human interests is realized at the level of excellence by aesthetic fulfillment, such as by the promotion of good manners, nice clothing and landscaping.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">All laws and social principles are based on this precedence system. Liberty has precedence over everything because it is at the core of the essential fulfillment of the interests of the self. Clashes of interests and trade-offs are resolved (for example, by courts) or mediated using the above precedence system. Appropriate responses to threats or attacks are constructed and assessed using it. Spending priorities are determined by it. </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">The following basic preservation rule is derived from it.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><a name="DDE_LINK4"></a> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Preservation Rule 1: Justifiable defensive action</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>. You may repel an attack on someone’s interest even if the attacking interest has higher legal precedence than the victimized interest</i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>a) by advice, appeal or admonition (remedy using the aesthetic level of fulfillment), and if this fails, and the victimized level of fulfillment is smooth or essential, then</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>b) by pressure (remedy using the smooth level of fulfillment), and if this fails, and the victimized level of fulfillment is essential, then</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>c) by force (remedy using essential level of fulfillment),</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>otherwise, the defensive action is unjustified and constitutes a crime as violent as the level of fulfillment it is at.</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Justice</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (“qaf seen tta”)</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">equal application of law</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> to all persons in a society.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">A </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>violation</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>aggression </b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>“'ain dal </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strike><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>”)</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">is to </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">extend</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> one's </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">activity</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> into someone else's </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">sovereign area</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">territory</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">circle of control</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">). An </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>enemy</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is a violator or aggressor.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Tyranny</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>injustice</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">, and </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>excess</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">share a word root</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> (“tta ghain </i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strike><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US">) and thus are intertwined. The same word root is interpreted in very different ways to produce the three apparently different but very closely related functions. </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">Injustice is the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">unequal application of law</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">. Tyranny is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">government by destructive force</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>government</b></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style=""> is the continued exercise of control). Excess is to fill up a container beyond its limits, a concept that is obviously similar to aggression </span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">(extending one's activity into someone else's sovereign area)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><br /></p>Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-329114177372509092009-12-17T16:15:00.000-08:002009-12-17T16:17:48.876-08:00Holistic TheologyThe following <b>holistic theological functions and objects</b> (bold type) were derived (see <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);"><u><a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">example</a></u></span>) from semantic sound symbolisms of Arabic word stems (in parentheses) that denote spiritual concepts. The components of these functions and objects are <i>holistic theological elements</i> (in <i>cursive</i>).<br /><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />The <b>soul</b> or <b>spirit</b> <i>(“ra waw hha”)</i> is an <i>independent spiritual decision maker</i> who is associated with a living thing. When the spirit is referred to as the <b>self</b> <i>(“noon fa seen”)</i>, it is defined as a <i>spiritual supervisor</i> who exercises <i>discretionary control</i> over one's <i>free activity (free will)</i>.<br /><br />Every time we use the term “self” (such as “oneself” or “self-determination”), we actually refer to “the self,” i.e., one's soul or spirit.<br /><br />A <b>god</b> <i>(“hamza lam ha”)</i> is <i>someone to turn to</i> <i>exclusively</i> for spiritual decision making. In other words, an <i>absolute spiritual authority</i>. To have more than one god would contradict the very concept of a god. <b>God</b>, the Almighty, thus is the only absolute spiritual authority in the universe. Anyone or anything that is claimed to have absolute authority does not really have absolute authority, i.e., is a <b>false god</b>.<br /><br />A <b>lord</b> <i>(“ra ba ba”)</i> is an independent spiritual decision maker who is continuously in charge of all constructive, reparative, and preservative decisions regarding something or someone. In other words, a lord is an <i>absolute</i> <i>administrator</i>. As Creator and manager of the universe, God is the absolute administrator of the universe.<br /><br />To have <b>faith</b> <i>(“hamza meem noon”)</i> is to <i>project a positive spiritual attitude</i> in the face of <i>uncertain spiritual information</i>.<br /><br /><b>Denial</b> or <b>disbelief</b> <i>(“kaf fa ra”)</i> is not a theological function but a memory function of Holistic Mental Science. To deny is to suppress the reporting of a fact that was found during a regular memory search.<br /><br /><b>Freedom</b> or <b>liberty</b> <i>(“hha ra ra”)</i> is the <i>continued</i> <i>control</i> by one's own self (soul) of one's own life, or continued self-determination. If there are interruptions or exceptions to self-determination, one cannot truly speak of liberty.<br /><br />To <b>worship</b> <i>(“'ain ba dal”)</i> someone or something is to <i>commit oneself</i> (one's self, one's spirit) <i>to do everything</i> <i>under</i> <i>his/her/its control</i>. The person or thing that is worshiped is called a god or a lord (both concepts were defined above).<br /><br /><b>Slavery</b> (“<i>'ain ba dal”</i>, same stem as worship) is to worship someone or something other than God. Slavery is thus a spiritual state. <b>Addiction</b> is a form of slavery. Slavery is not just a social violation, but a spiritual one. Any form of slavery is spiritual serfdom.<br /><br />When we worship God alone, the Lord who actually controls everything anyway, then we suffer no slavery at all. As a consequence, we have maximum spiritual freedom, maximum liberty. Only a true “slave of God” is a free person.<br /><br />If someone is not worshiping God by his/her own decision, by full self-determination, then this person is not free. In fact this person is actually worshiping the persons or circumstances that are coercing him/her to worship God against his/her will, regardless of the religion involved. Coercion and pressure in religion constitute de facto slavery.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">To <b>pray</b> <i>("ssad lam waw")</i> is to <i>direct a statement or a posture to another person</i>, usually God. The statement can be of different kinds, including a request or words of praise.<br /><br />Technically, there is no difference between prayer and addressing someone with words or postures. The scarcity of prayer as compared to how often one talks to others may simply indicate how little someone cares about God.<br /><br /><b>Goodness</b> <i>(“tta ya ba”)</i> is a <i>commitment</i> to <i>constructive effort</i>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /><b>Evil</b> <i>(“kha ba tha”)</i> is a <i>commitment to deliberate destructive effort</i>.<br /><br />A <b>mistake</b> <i>(“kha tta hamza”)</i> is a <i>destructive consequence</i> of a <i>constructive effort</i>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">To do <b>good deeds</b> <i>(“ssad lam hha”)</i> is to <i>build, repair, maintain or increase the connective structure, the wholeness, or the health of a living thing or a group of living things</i>.<br /><br />To do <b>bad deeds</b> <i>(“fa seen dal”)</i> is to <i>damage, undermine or decrease the connective structure, the wholeness, or the health of a living thing or a group of living things</i>.<br /><br />A <b>devil</b> <i>(“sheen tta noon”)</i> is a <i>director</i> <i>of activities that</i><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span><i>cause </i><i><b>disorder</b></i>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Actions that cause disorder are either bad or appalling.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">A <b>bad</b> <b>action</b> <i>(“seen waw hamza”)</i> is an action that <i>causes the observer to feel a negative emotion</i>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">An <b>appalling action</b> <i>(“fa hha sheen”)</i> is one that <i>causes the observer to feel a shock</i>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>Judgment</b> <i>(“dal ya noon”)</i> is the <i>fulfillment</i><i> of the law</i> in the form of reward and punishment.<br /><br />To <b>guide</b> <i>(“ha dal ya”)</i> someone is to <i>point</i> him/her <i>to a specific place or action</i>.<br /><br />To <b>stray</b> <i>(“ddad lam lam”)</i> is to <i>persistently fail to decide </i>(or to persistently make wrong decisions) in an <i>open question of right or wrong</i>.<br /><br />What is commonly referred to as “<b>God-fearing</b>” (word form <i>taqwa</i> from stem “<i>waw qaf ya”</i>) is in fact a <i>self-shielding</i> (<i>shielding one's soul</i>) against the consequences of doing evil. One guards oneself against the consequences (what happens, i.e., what God would do) if one deliberately committed a destructive act. This is the same as being conscientious, self-monitoring and so on. </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="">To be </span><b>spiritually satisfied</b><span style=""> </span><i><span style="">(“ra ddad ya”)</span></i><span style=""> is to look at one's state of affairs and acknowledge that </span><i><span style="">spiritual order is completely manifested</span></i><span style="">.<br /><br />In contrast, to be </span><b>socially satisfied</b><span style=""> </span><i><span style="">(</span></i><span style="">also “</span><i><span style="">ra ddad ya”)</span></i><span style=""> is to </span><i><span style="">accept</span></i><span style=""> the quantity of material or effort </span><i><span style="">that is offered</span></i><span style="">.<br /><br />A self (soul) is </span><b>dead </b><i>(“mem waw ta”)</i> when it is <i>disconnected from the body</i> and is also in the <i>spiritual</i> <i>state of rest</i>. The self of a person thus is also considered dead before the person is created.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">An exception from this is a <b>martyr</b>'s <i>(“sheen ha dal”)</i><span style="font-style: normal;"> self</span>. A martyr is someone killed while not being an aggressor. A martyr's soul does not really die. Although disconnected from the body, it continues to <b>live</b> <i>(“ha ya waw”)</i>, i.e., to be active as opposed to being at rest.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">A self (soul) is considered <b>retrieved</b> <i>(“waw fa ya”)</i> when a person goes to sleep or dies. This means that <i>God has taken back full control</i> of this soul. </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">When a person wakes up, his self is <i>partially released to his control</i> after God has taken back full control when the person fell asleep.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">During our waking life, the self is <i>partially free only from our point of view</i><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span> From the point of view of God, the Lord of the Universe always has full control of everything. Our free will (discretion) does not challenge God's will.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">When a person dies, his self is fully taken back by the Angel of Death, and is then kept by the angel until the <b>Day of Resurrection</b>.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The soul of <b>Jesus Christ</b> is also an exception. It was retrieved and God raised him to Heaven, but he was neither killed nor crucified. He has not died yet. He will be brought back to earth to announce <b>The Hour</b> and finish his mission. Then, he will die a natural death.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /><br /></p>Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-8247571298059801492009-12-12T10:15:00.000-08:002009-12-12T10:26:48.622-08:00Holistic Psychology<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US">In conjunction with <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/holistic-theology.html">Holistic Theology</a> and other holistic sciences, t<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;">he following Holistic Theory of Emotions can serve as a foundation for a Holistic Psychology. The tables referenced below can be found in <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">How It is Done</a>.<i><br /></i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>1. Abstract universals and their realizations. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>T</i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">he </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">28</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> consonants of Arabic are signs that refer to the 28 universals of Table 1. These are abstract processes with abstract polarities. The effect of their interpretation on the mind is meaning or semantics. For the purposes of this theory, abstract universals refer to real objects in:</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>a) the world of emotions</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>b) the environment in which emotions arise</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>c) the world of mental processes</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Common realizations of abstract polarities and processes are listed in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. These realizations are adapted to each world, thus creating discipline-specific realizations. </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">The realizations discussed below can be extended by </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">adapting more realizations from the tables or by </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">identifying other realizations of the abstract universals</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>2. Triggering of emotions. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Based on assessment of input (what is observed or experienced, including the environment), a decision is made by the mind, the brain or another decision maker whether or not to trigger emotion, what type of emotion to trigger and which polarity of emotion. </span></i></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Assessment of input includes determining its process type and polarity. </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Examples include:</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>information or data and its polarity, e.g., destructive, weak, uncertain, hidden</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>a manifestation—person, activity, or event </i></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>manifestation of force</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>application of law (legal assessment)</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>violation of sovereign area or territory</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>self evaluation</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>personal experience, experience with others</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>Decision to trigger emotions is done in stages: initial, intermediate, and final. Transition to a later stage is emotional escalation.</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>3.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Emotional polarities.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">These are realizations of abstract polarities adapted to the world of emotions.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Each of these polarities may have both good and bad uses.</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Below are the emotional polarities mentioned in Results 1-39, listed under the corresponding abstract polarities.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>closed-self:</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> calming, restraining, inhibitory, positive, complementary, perfect, input, receive, familiar, response, reactive </span></i></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>open-self:</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> directed, excitatory, negative, lacking, need, weakness, vulnerability, deficient, unfamiliar, output, offer, send, stimulus</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>closed-others:</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> engagement, balanced, balancing, stabilizing, constructive, supportive, reward, mutual, reciprocate, compare, internal</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>open-others:</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> disengagement, detachment, exclusive, targeted, special, excessive, destructive, defensive, aggressive, attack, punish, contrast, distinguish, external, third-party</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>4. Elementary</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotions. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Elementary emotions are </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>attention</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">, </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional activity</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> and </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional force</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">. They are emotional realizations</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">of the three elementary processes</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">—</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">assignment, manifestation and containment. An </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">elementary emotion always is paired with an emotional polarity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Attention</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (assignment). Attention is low-intensity emotion. Attention also can be used to control the triggering of emotion. Below are different polarities of attention demonstrated by theories about specific emotions from word roots.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>closed-self attention: </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">positive attention, attention for input, attention to familiarity</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“feel”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (emotion) is to respond to a personal experience with repeated mental triggering of emotional force that is tagged with attention to familiarity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“feel”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (as with </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>feelers)</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="">is to repeatedly trigger attention for input measurement from a personal experience.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>open-self attention: </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">negative attention, directed attention, triggering of emotion using directed attention</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“wish”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or to </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“want”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is when attention is directed while dealing with something.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Sad reaction”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a mental decision to trigger negative attention after assessing input.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Kindness”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“compassion”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the triggering—using directed attention—of positive attention-based emotional activity in response to appearance or display of emotional need, weakness or vulnerability.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Sorrow”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is triggering—using directed attention—of negative emotional activity based on input assessment.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>closed-others attention: </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">attention with engagement, attention-based balancing of emotion (Part 11 below)</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Love”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 1) </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">is when attention with engagement is used to trigger continued emotional interaction (engaged or mutual activity).</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>open-others attention: </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">exclusive attention (targeting)</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Desire”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> “lust”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is when exclusive attention triggers excitatory systemic emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 1.48in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Worry”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“anxiety” </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">is exclusive attention that triggers continuous reactive emotional activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Emotional activity</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (manifestation).</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Emotional activity has medium-intensity. An </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional state </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">or</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> attitude</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> simply is ongoing emotional activity. Manifestation also is realized as </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional appearance</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>display of emotion</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Sorrow”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a decision by the mind to trigger negative emotional activity after input assessment.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">“<span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Fear”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a decision by the mind to trigger excitatory emotional activity while observing a manifestation of destructive force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Worry”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“anxiety”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is exclusive attention that triggers continuous reactive emotional activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“rejoice”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a decision by the mind to react with excitatory emotional activity to a personal experience.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Faith”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“trust”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the triggering under the control of directed attention of positive emotional attitude after assessment of information as uncertain.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Mercy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“womb”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is an emotional, biological and social commitment (decision) to respond to living beings with positive emotional, biological and social activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Delight” </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“pleasure”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled excitatory emotional activity that triggers continuous special emotional activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Envy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled emotional force used to respond to one's comparing emotional attitude (the input) with inhibitory (rejecting) systemic emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Emotional force</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (containment).</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Emotional force</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">is high-intensity</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">emotion. Containment also is realized as </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional energy</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">, </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional strength</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional control</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (see Table 5). Open-self containment is realized as </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>negative emotional force</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">, </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional weakness, emotional need</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (lacking containment) or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>loose control</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Sadness”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a decision by the mind to trigger a negative emotional force after assessing a personal experience.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Prejudice”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a final decision by the mind to trigger a negative emotional force after examining an experience with another person.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Justified hate”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the use of destructive emotional force (aggressive feelings and thoughts) to defend oneself or others against a violation based on legal assessment. </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“Justified anger”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the escalation of justified hate, i.e., from feelings and thoughts to words and actions.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Jealousy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled emotional restraining activity triggered in response to emotional force from a third party.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Satisfaction”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“happiness”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is emotional activity to trigger complementary (completing) emotional energy in response to emotional need.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>5. Compound emotions.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> Compound emotions are realizations of combinations of the elementary processes. They simply may be combinations of elementary emotions, but also may result in a new emotional effect. A compound emotion always is paired with an emotional polarity. Below, each compound emotion is followed by examples of emotional effects.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Attention + emotional activity</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (assignment + manifestation):</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">emotional activity controlled by attention (e.g., attention for input—closed-self polarity), attention-based emotional activity, emotional decision, emotional commitment</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Grudge”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a feedback loop with attention-based excitatory emotional activity that is used to maintain or amplify response to destructive or excessive emotional force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Expectation”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is emotional activity controlled by attention for input.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Hope”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is to expect something constructive.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Kindness”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“compassion”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the triggering—using directed attention—of positive attention-based emotional activity in response to appearance or display of emotional need, weakness or vulnerability.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Mercy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“womb”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is an emotional, biological and social commitment (decision) to respond to living beings with positive emotional, biological and social activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Delight”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“pleasure”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled excitatory emotional activity that triggers continuous special emotional activity.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Attention + emotional force</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (assignment + containment): attention-controlled emotional force or energy, attention for measurement (sensing)</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“feel”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (to have a feeling) is to have the mind repeatedly trigger an emotional force or energy tagged with familiar attention in response to personal experience.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">To </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“feel”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (as with </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>feelers</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">) is to repeatedly trigger attention for input quantity from a personal experience.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Emotional activity + emotional force</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (manifestation + containment): application of emotional force or energy, emotional control, emotional effort, emotional field of energy, mood (manifestation of emotional force), use of emotional force, emotional pressure, violent emotion, emotional coercion</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Tranquility”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is when input assessment triggers a calming emotional field to deal with an excitatory emotional force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Despair”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 2) is balancing (evening out) application of emotional forces between constructive and negative emotional forces.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Gratitude”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled triggering of emotional activity to respond with a positive field of emotion to systemic emotion offered by others.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Obsessive hate”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“phobia”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is emotional entanglement (caused by lacking emotional control) with a destructive or excessive force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i><b>Attention + emotional activity + emotional force</b></i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i>(assignment + manifestation + containment): systemic emotion (emotion that affects the whole person), attention-controlled application of emotional force or energy</i></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Systemic fear”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a decision by the mind to trigger systemic excitatory emotion upon observing a manifestation of destructive force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Tenderness”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled application of positive emotional energy in response to continued emotional weakness.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.98in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Envy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention-controlled emotional force used to respond to one's comparing emotional attitude (the input) with inhibitory (rejecting) systemic emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>6. Emotional feedback loop.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> Emotional triggering mechanism in which triggered emotion is reused as input for the same triggering function. The effect is to maintain, regulate, attenuate or amplify emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Grudge”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a feedback loop with attention-based excitatory emotional activity that is used to maintain or amplify response to destructive or excessive emotional force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Love”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 2) is a feedback loop with attention-controlled emotional engagement activity used to maintain or amplify positive systemic emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Joy”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is repeated or feedback-loop-amplified triggering of positive attention-based emotional activity in processing of sensory input.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>7. Repeated emotion. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Repeated emotion also manifests itself as continued or intense emotion. </span></i></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Love”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 1) </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">is when attention with engagement is used to trigger continued emotional interaction.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>8. Emotional entanglement or emotional control bond. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">As</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">controller of emotions, the mind may suffer imperfections such as loose control, deficiencies, weaknesses or needs. This may lead to an entanglement or bond with a destructive or constructive emotional force (e.g., internal or external powerful persons or phenomena) or an excessive emotional force (e.g., insatiable appetite). This is called emotional entanglement or emotional control bond. Manifestations may include negative forms (entanglements) such as phobias, fanaticism, obsession and addiction, and positive forms (bonds) such as love, loyalty and dedication.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"> <span style="color:#000000;"> </span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Obsessive hate”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“phobia”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is emotional entanglement with a destructive or excessive force. </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“Uncontrolled anger</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>or</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>aggression”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is the effect of escalation of obsessive hate or phobia, i.e., escalation of emotional entanglement with a destructive or excessive force.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>9. Emotional instability, conflict or deadlock</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">. </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">One emotion is triggered and then reprocessed by triggering an emotion with opposite polarity. The attribute </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“engagement”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is added if the opposite polarity pair is closed-others (emotional engagement) and open-others (emotional disengagement or detachment). If the polarities involved are closed-self and open-self, then the attribute </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“boundary” </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">is added. </span></i></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Capricious love”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is attention engagement instability </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">(attention with engagement stymied by attention with detachment).</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Unspeakable,” “shocking”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“disgusting”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>systemic emotional boundary conflict</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Systemic restraining emotion is triggered to process systemic excitatory emotion that was initially triggered to process a negative event.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Despair”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 1) is input assessment that triggers </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>attention boundary deadlock</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (inhibition of excitatory attention).</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Surprise”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is an </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>emotional engagement conflict</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> in the </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>decision to trigger emotion</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> in response to information from beyond environment.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>10. Inflation of emotion. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">The mind accumulates (closed-others = together) responses (closed-self). </span></i></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">“<span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Arrogance”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is an inflation of emotional activity triggered by self-evaluation.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>11. Stabilization of emotional response. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">Attention-based balancing (closed-others assignment) applied to emotional response (closed-self). Note that this is a different realization of the same polarity pair used in inflation of emotion.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Patience”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is stabilization of emotional response activity that is triggered by continued attack.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>12. Balancing application of emotional forces. </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">This is the balancing (closed-others) application of emotional forces that is referred to by consonant </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">tta</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">. Depending on the context, this may either result in </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>stabilization </b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>evening out</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="">.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Despair”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> (version 2) is an evening-out application of emotional forces between constructive and negative emotional forces. Despair is a conflict between competing emotional forces that are not exact polarity opposites.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 0.49in; margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT"><span style="color:#000000;">“</span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Stable faith”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> or </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>“stable trust”</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> is a stabilizing application of emotional forces implemented on faith or trust. This word root is compound in that it has </span></i></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="">tta</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style=""> as prefix to a three-consonant root that is equivalent to the word root for faith or trust.</span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"><br /></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="LEFT" lang="en-US"><br /></p>Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-78964345245952372092009-12-12T09:01:00.000-08:002013-07-12T08:48:46.612-07:00How It is Done<b>My published scientific papers: </b><br />Paper on theory of cognition and its software application (Readware):<br /> <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/659cn2x42ytmsiw/cognition.pdf" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.dropbox.com/s/659cn2x42ytmsiw/cognition.pdf</a><br /> <br /> Paper on theory of semantics:<br /> <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/r65bx37xjsmxwhm/semantics.pdf" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.dropbox.com/s/r65bx37xjsmxwhm/semantics.pdf</a><br /> <br /> Paper on theory of emotions:<br /> <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/s8cgfeupzmsx1dn/emotions.pdf" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.dropbox.com/s/s8cgfeupzmsx1dn/emotions.pdf</a><br /> <br /> Here is an example of how it is done:<br />
<i>“ra waw</i><span style="color: black;"><strike><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></strike></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> hha”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>soul, spirit</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">)</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>ra () & hha ()</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> A closed-self assignment of manifestation (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ra</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">) juxtaposed with a closed-self assignment and manifestation of containment (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hha</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">An independent spiritual decision maker (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ra</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">) connected with an independent living thing (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hha</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">) .</span></span></span></div>
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The example above (analysis of Arabic word stem <span style="font-style: italic;">"ra waw hha"</span>) was constructed using Algorithm C (see below) .</div>
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Our Theory of Semantics<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> states that each of the 28 Arabic consonants is a sign that refers to one of seven </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>abstract</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>processes</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">—assignment, manifestation, containment, assignment of manifestation, assignment of containment, manifestation of containment, and assignment and manifestation of containment—</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">and one of four </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>abstract</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>polarities</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">—closed-self, open-self, closed-others, and open-others</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. This is visualized in Table 1.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Assignment, manifestation, and containment are called </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>elementary abstract processes</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. The remaining four combinations thereof are called </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>compound abstract processes</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Closed-self and open-self polarities are opposites. They are called </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>boundary</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> polarities. Closed-others and open-others polarities also are opposites. They are called </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>engagement</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> polarities.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Most Arabic word roots are strings of three consonants each. There are rules to convert any word root</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> into an abstract </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">mathematical mapping such as </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>f: X ==> Y</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>f(x)</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. The seven abstract processes (Table 1) have a </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>precedence order</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> that is shown in Table 2. Consonants that refer to processes with higher precedence play the role of </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>function</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> such as</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>f</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> of the mapping while the remaining consonants play the role of </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>domain</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>X</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>range</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>Y</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> of the mapping. </span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 1. Abstract objects of Arabic consonants</i></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="color: black; height: 431px; width: 378px;"> <colgroup><col width="125"></col> <col width="82"></col> <col width="87"></col> <col width="93"></col> <col width="109"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
</td> <td colspan="4" width="398"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>P O L A R I T Y</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>P R O C E S S </b></span> </div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-self</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="87"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>open-self</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-others</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>open-others</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ya</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>hamza</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>waw</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ha</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>meem</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>fa</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>dal</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>thal</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>containment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">‘</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ain</i></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="87"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>noon</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>qaf</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ghain</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of manifestation</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ra</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>lam</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ba</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ta</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of containment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>seen</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>zay</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ssad</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>tha</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>kaf</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>ddad</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>tta</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>kha</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="125"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment & manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="82"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>hha</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="77"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>sheen</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="93"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>geem</i></span></div>
</td> <td width="109"><div align="CENTER" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><i>zza</i></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 2. Descending order of process precedence</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="color: black; height: 215px; width: 289px;"> <colgroup><col width="319"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of manifestation</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of containment</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment & manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="TOP" width="319"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>containment</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">For example, the root </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>“kaf lam meem”</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> (speech) has a mapping of the form </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>f: X ==> Y</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, i.e.,</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>kaf lam meem” has the mapping</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b> lam: kaf ==> meem</b></i></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">because </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>lam</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> has </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">open-self polarity and </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">higher precedence than </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>kaf</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>meem</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. Table 3 lists 12 possible types of word root mappings and explains the rules for generating mappings out of roots.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="CENTER" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 3. Types of word root mappings</i></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="color: black; height: 805px; width: 416px;"> <colgroup><col width="466"></col> <col width="110"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="466"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>1. Forward mapping</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Function consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has open-self polarity and higher precedence than domain consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>X</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and range consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f : X </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>==> Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>2. Backward mapping</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has closed-self polarity and higher precedence than consonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>X</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f : X <</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>== Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>3. Engagement mapping</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has closed-others polarity and higher precedence than consonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>X</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f : X <</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>==> Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>4. Disengagement mapping</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has open-others polarity and higher precedence than consonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>X</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>Y</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f : X ></b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>==<></b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b> </b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><b> </b></span></td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>5. Mapping with square domain and unspecified range</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has higher precedence than duplicate consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f( x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><sup><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>2</b></span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>)</b></span></span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>6. Mapping with unspecified range</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span> </div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">First or third</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">consonant</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">is </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> that is dropped in some word forms (it appears as </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> in root), and c</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">onsonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> has higher precedence than consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f( x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>)</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>7. Composition with unspecified range </b></span> </div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>g</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> are not first and third in root, are from the same row of Table 1,</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and have higher precedence than consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>f( g( x ) )</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>8. Parallel functions, unspecified range </b></span> </div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Consonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>g</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> are first and third in the root, are from same row of </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Table 1, and have higher precedence than consonant </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>x</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f( x )</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> &</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> g( x )</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>9. Parallel functions with unspecified domain & range</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Second consonant is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> that is dropped in some word forms (it appears as </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> in root)</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></span> </div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f( )</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> &</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b> g( )</b></span></span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="466"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>10. Composition with unspecified domain & range </b></span> </div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">First or third consonant is </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> that is dropped in some word forms (it appears as </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> in root) and c</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">onsonants </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>f</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>g</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> are from the same row of</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> Table 1</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>f( g( ) )</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="466"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>11. Double composition with unspecified domain & range</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">All three consonants are from same row of Table 1.</span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>f( g( h( ) ) )</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="466"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>12. Mapping with unspecified domain and range</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">Root contains two occurrences of </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> that are dropped in some word forms (they appear as </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>ya</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>hamza</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><strike><span lang="en-US"><i>waw</i></span></strike></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> in root).</span></span></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="110"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>f( )</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Abstract polarities and processes have many concrete realizations</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. Tables 4 and 5 </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">list common realizations</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">of polarities and processes, respectively.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="CENTER" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 4. Common realizations of abstract polarities</i></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<dl><dd><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="color: black; height: 948px; width: 365px;"> <colgroup><col width="128"></col> <col width="125"></col> <col width="135"></col> <col width="153"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="128"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-self</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="125"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>open-self</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="135"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-others</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="153"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>open-others</b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="128"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">a certain . . .</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">backward</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">complementary</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">complete</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">defined</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">familiar</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">independent</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">inward</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">old</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">one’s own</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">oneself</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">the past</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">perfect</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">personal</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">positive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">preservation</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">private</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">react</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">receive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">repeat</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">restrain</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">self</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">self-contained</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">valid</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">well-defined</span></div>
</td> <td width="125"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">another (not self)</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">arbitrary</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">deficient</span></div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">directed at others</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">discretionary</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">empty</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">forward</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">the future</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">incomplete</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">invalid</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">lacking</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">loose</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">negative</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">new</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">offer</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">open to others</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">open-ended</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">others (not self)</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">one to turn to</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">outward</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">public</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">release</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">send</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">toward others</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">uncertain</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">undefined</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">unfamiliar</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">unleash</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">unspecified</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">violation</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">vulnerable</span></div>
</td> <td width="135"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">balance</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">combine</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">common</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">compare</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">connect</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">constructive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">continue</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">dual</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">engaged</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">equal</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">general</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">include</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">integrate</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">internal</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">isolate</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">join</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">meet</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">moderate</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">multiple</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">mutual</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">pending</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">the present</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">reciprocal</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">shared</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">together</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">within environment</span></div>
</td> <td width="153"><div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">beyond environment</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">choose</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">contrast</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">cut</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">destructive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">disconnect</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">disengage</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">distinguish</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">exchange</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">excessive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">exclude</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">exclusive</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">external</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">imbalance</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">separate</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">special</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">specific</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">specify</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">stop</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">target</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">third-party</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">unengaged</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">unequal</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</dd></dl>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span>
<div align="CENTER" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 5. Common realizations of abstract processes </i></span></span> </div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="color: black; height: 561px; width: 385px;"> <colgroup><col width="123"></col> <col width="456"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">attach, connect, designate, determine, to direct, an element, identify, identity, link, point, to project, signal, a unit</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">action, active, activity, agency, agent, appearance, apply, attitude, display, entity, essence, event, execute, to experience, express, feel, form, fulfill, instrument, interpret, manner, mass, matter, method, number, person, phenomenon, place, realization, shape, space, status, substance, time, translate</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>containment</b></span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">command, container, content, data, energy, force, information, an instruction, law, number, order, power, quantity, rule, volume, weight, word </span> </div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of manifestation</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">(combine first & second rows)</span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">belong (assign place), decision (assign action), directed action, implement (determine realization), interpretative link, placement (assign place), project manifestation/form, relationship (connect by activity), set (elements in a place)</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of containment</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">(combine first & third rows)</span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">assessment (assign quantity), attack (directed force), fill (assign content), lodge (assign container), measure (assess), posture (assign order), sequence (assign order), statement (assign words), stream (sequence), structure (assign order)</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">(combine second & third rows)</span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">algorithm (execute laws), apply law, apply force, consequence, control (manifestation of order), controller, effort (apply energy), display of force, field (force in space), form of energy, mapping (execute, realize law), powerful agent, sovereign area (space of power), theory (interpretation of law)</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="123"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment & manifestation of containment</b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">(combine first three rows)</span></div>
</td> <td width="456"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 78%;">behavior (process), experience, living being (system), mechanism (process), motion, object (static view of process), organism, process (assignment and manifestation of control), system (process), systemic, thing (object)</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Table 1</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">was created for the sounds of English and other languages. However, not all the cells of the table could be filled for any language other than Arabic. Table 6 is the equivalent of Table 1 for English.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Table 6. Abstract objects of English sounds</i></span></span><br />
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="height: 449px; width: 406px;"> <colgroup><col width="60*"></col> <col width="46*"></col> <col width="45*"></col> <col width="54*"></col> <col width="51*"></col> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<br /></div>
</td> <td colspan="4" width="77%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>P O L A R I T Y</b></span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>P R O C E S S </b></span></span> </div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-self</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>open-self</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>closed-others</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>open-others</b></span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">i-, y-, j</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">a-</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">o-, u-, v, w</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">e-, h</span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">m</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">f, p, ph</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">d</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">th</span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>containment</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">n, gn, kn</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">q, cq</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">ng, nk, nc</span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of manifestation</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">r</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">l</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">b</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">t</span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment of containment</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">s</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">z</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">c, ck</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>manifestation of containment</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">k</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">x, gh, ch</span></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr valign="TOP"> <td width="23%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><b>assignment & manifestation of containment</b></span></span></div>
</td> <td width="18%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td width="17%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">sh</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="21%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">g</span></span></div>
</td> <td width="20%"><div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b>ALGORITHM C</b></span></span> <br />
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b>AN ALGORITHM TO DEVELOP A SCIENTIFIC THEORY FROM WORD ROOT SEMANTICS</b></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">The following procedure </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">is an implementation of the Scientific Method using our Theory of Semantics.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.49in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b>Algorithm C. Procedure to develop a theory to explain a certain phenomenon to which a certain word root refers</b></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Step 1.</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Generate abstract theory from chosen word root.</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> Use Tables 1-3 to convert the chosen word root into a mapping. Use Table 1 to verbally express the mapping in abstract processes and abstract polarities. This expression is an </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>abstract theory</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> about some aspects of the nature of the phenomenon to which the word root refers. The abstract processes that correspond to the domain and range of the mapping are abstract hypotheses about the nature of some elements of the phenomenon. The abstract polarities are abstract hypotheses about the attributes of these elements. The abstract processes that correspond to the functions of the mapping are abstract hypotheses about the nature of the relationships between these elements of the phenomenon.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Step 2. Make predictions.</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> Make predictions—that are not likely to be observed (try to disprove the theory)—based on the abstract theory from Step 1, or—more likely—based on a </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>concrete theory</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> (obtained by substituting abstract elements with their realizations) that was created in Step 3.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Step 3. Test proposed theory and generate alternative concrete theories using Tables 4 and 5.</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> Compare predictions with collected observations about the phenomenon and try to find a mismatch. If one prediction is not confirmed by observation, replace one or more polarities or processes from the theory with realizations from Tables 4 and 5, or with new realizations that are based on these tables or on the original abstract concepts, and then return to Step 2 to test this </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>alternative</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>concrete theory</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">. If all predictions are confirmed by observations, then also return to Step 2 and make new predictions. If, for a fixed version of the theory, many predictions are made and all of them are confirmed by observation, then consider the proposed theory as</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>corroborated theory</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">. If</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> later observations or corroborated theories about related phenomena clash with this theory, then revise the theory using alternative realizations and return to Step 2.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><b>THEORY OF COGNITION</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">Our Theory of Cognition</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US">is an implementation of the Theory of Semantics and Algorithm C</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>1. Verbalization of a word root mapping is an abstract theory.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> The names of the abstract processes and polarities to which a word root refers are abstract hypotheses about some aspects of the nature of the phenomenon to which the word root refers. If a word root mapping is expressed using the names of its abstract components, then an </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>abstract theory</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> about some aspects of the nature of that phenomenon is obtained.</i></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>2. Concrete theories.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> If some of the abstract processes or polarities in an abstract theory that expresses a word root are substituted with realizations from Tables 4 and 5 or with similar realizations, the result is a </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>concrete theory</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> about some aspects of the nature of the phenomenon to which the word root refers.</i></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>3. Applicability of Algorithm C.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> Algorithm C can be used to attempt to corroborate abstract theories and concrete theories.</i></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>4. Every concrete theory is promising.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> Every concrete theory is promising, i.e., likely to be corroborated by Algorithm C. In other words, Algorithm C is </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>efficient</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>.</i></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>5. Single abstract theory may spawn multiple corroborated theories (ambiguity and polysemy).</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> Multiple concrete theories that are derived from a single word root can be corroborated. </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>This implies that every word root is polysemous (ambiguous). </i></span></span></span><i class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>Polysemy</i></span></span></span></i><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> means that a word root refers to different objects in different contexts.</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>6. Incompleteness of theories (synonymy and homonymy).</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> E</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>very abstract theory is incomplete in that it and all concrete theories derived from it put together do not explain everything about the phenomenon to which the corresponding word root refers. </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>D</i></span></span></span><i class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>ifferent word roots</i></span></span></span></i><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> may refer to the same phenomenon (</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>synonyms</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>, </i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>homonyms</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> and equivalent word roots in other languages) in such a way that the resulting abstract theories may complement each other in explaining the phenomenon. Consequently, the sum of all abstract and concrete theories about any phenomenon also is incomplete. But some word roots, particularly three-consonant Arabic word roots, may indicate stronger theories than others, i.e., theories that explain more aspects of a phenomenon.</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>7. Convergence to field ontology.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> If Algorithm C is applied to many word roots that refer to the phenomena in a specific field of study, then the resulting corroborated theories will share realizations of abstract components in such a manner that the whole field of study will have an integrated and consistent theory</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>—</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i>a field ontology.</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i><b>8. Field ontology supports preservation of phenomena in field according to precedence rules.</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span lang="en-US"><i> The order of precedence of Table 2 is propagated into every field ontology involving natural phenomena in such a manner that the preservation of the natural phenomena is supported by the ontology according to rules of precedence.</i></span></span></span></div>
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Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8577868458315805078.post-48819781127429479022009-12-10T09:05:00.000-08:002013-08-15T19:32:54.284-07:00Statement of Purpose<div style="text-align: justify;">
A <b>holistic science </b>is a science that includes both the material world and the spiritual world as sources of evidence. We all agree that we organize our thoughts using words. But we don't really know how words work on our minds. For most linguists, sounds mean nothing. <b>Sound symbolism</b> was a mystery for ages. We have succeeded in unlocking this mystery and we put the spiritual secrets to use in intelligent software. </div>
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Our theory of sound symbolism constructs algorithmic models of real world processes from their Arabic names. Although the sound symbolism has been validated in many words of twenty alphabetic languages, severe language change in other languages and the reliance of our modeling method on an old Arabic book make it impossible to use languages other than Arabic.</div>
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We first convert the symbolism of the typical three-sound word root of the Arabic name of a real world process into a <b>general algorithmic model</b>, a flowchart of interactions among three <b>general process concepts</b>. Since each general process concept represents many <b>specific process concepts</b>, a general algorithmic model is too vague to be useful. We must choose a specific concept for every general concept in order to translate the general model into a <b>specific algorithmic model</b> that we can implement in software.</div>
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Based on our current lists of specific process concepts, we have estimated that a general algorithmic model that consists of three general process concepts (a three-sound word root) can be translated into a huge number of specific algorithmic models to choose from, ranging from 15 billion to over 244 million trillions (18 zeros). As we develop more successful models, lists of specific concepts will grow, and these estimates will consequently grow very rapidly. This complex nature of sound symbolism is probably the reason why linguists were convinced that there is no useful sound symbolism at all.</div>
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We found the solution to this <i>model translation problem</i> in a unique type of text passages called <i>muhkam</i> passages (see Al-Qur'an 3:7 & 11:1). Our theory of sound symbolism was derived by generalization from observations (induction) on sound usage in these same passages. This is why we sometimes speak of “<i>muhkam </i>sound symbolism.” For all practical purposes, “<i>muhkam </i>passage” means “a passage that clearly connects reality with its models.” When such a passage mentions the name of a real world process—whose word root sounds give us a general model with general concepts—it also mentions practical concepts which suggest a narrow range of specific concept combinations to choose from (out of billions) in order to translate the general model into a highly specific model that fits the real world process.</div>
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We call such specific models of real world processes <b><i>muhkam</i> algorithmic models.</b></div>
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We used <i>muhkam </i>passages to construct over a thousand specific algorithmic models of human processes (including emotions) and other real world processes from their Arabic names. We implemented these models in software called Readware which performs large-scale cross-language text search and classification in English, German and French. Readware outperformed all participants at the National Institute of Standards' (NIST) Text Retrieval Conference in 1999 (TREC-8).</div>
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Our algorithmic models are not only easy to implement in intelligent technologies, they also lend themselves to integration and interoperability because, as we shall see later, they share the small set of seven general concepts of <i>muhkam </i>sound symbolism and their symmetrical combinations.</div>
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We create here holistic sciences whose foundations are <i>muhkam </i>algorithmic models, and we continuously improve and update them. They include biology, physiology, socio-legal science, theology, psychology, memory, learning, perception, language, health science, economics and others.<br />
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See also: <a href="http://holisticsciences.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-it-is-done.html">How It is Done</a>Tom Adihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03726883727668238946noreply@blogger.com0